What are the soil and climate requirements for growing coffee beans

Coffee tree

Rubiaceae, belonging to Rubiaceae, is a shrub or small tree, native to subtropical Africa or Asia. The seeds in its berries are the main raw materials of coffee. Commercially, the seeds of coffee are called coffee beans (coffee bean).

Flowers and fruits of Coffee trees

Coffee flowers grow in leaf axils, Corolla basin-shaped, cheese-colored or white, ovary two-loculed, one ovule per locule, fruit for berries, two seeds.

Coffee trees usually blossom and bear fruit within 3-5 years after germination, which can last for about 50-60 years, and the fruit takes about nine months to mature. Flower buds are born on the nodes of branches, and many flower buds can be born on one node, and each flower bud can produce many flowers. At last, as many as 40 fruits can be produced on each node.

Usually there are two seeds in a coffee berry, which are semi-oval in shape. in the coffee harvest, about 5-10% of the berries contain only one coffee bean, because one of them is not pollinated, which makes the taste of the other pollinated seed very different from that of normal beans. This coffee berry is called peaberry.

Coffee beans

There are many different species of coffee beans (Coffea) in this genus, about 25-40 species. In a broad sense, coffee beans in the world are usually divided into two kinds: Coffea Arabica and Coffea Robusta. The main producing areas include Central and South America, Southeast Asia and Africa. Among the many species, Coffea arabica is considered to be of the best quality among all species. It accounts for about 75% of world trade.