ESPRESSO coffee has the lowest caffeine. I think there are three factors in caffeine content.
First, extraction time. The longer the time, the more caffeine is extracted.
Second, the water temperature. The higher the temperature, the more caffeine is extracted, like siphon brewing with boiling hot water.
Third, the variety of coffee beans. High-end Arabica beans contain about half as much caffeine as Robota beans.
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