Requirements of Ecological Environment for planting Coffee trees

I. Requirements for temperature

According to Yunnan's natural conditions, coffee planting areas should be selected in areas where the annual average temperature is greater than 18 degrees, the coldest monthly average temperature is greater than 11.5 degrees, the monthly average temperature is less than 13 degrees within two months, and the extreme minimum temperature is generally above zero.

II. Requirements for altitude

Altitude is an important factor affecting coffee drinking quality. It was determined that the higher the altitude, the greater the acidity and the smaller the concentration. Yunnan hot zone, similar to the original place and the main production area in topography and climate, but slightly higher latitude, lower heat, productive cultivation should be 1000 meters above sea level, the eastern region below 600 meters is appropriate, generally not more than 1200 meters. Coffea arabica has weak resistance to rust and is susceptible to rust when planted in low altitude, high temperature and rainy areas.

III. Requirements for moisture conditions

Coffee is more adaptable to moisture. Most of Coffea arabica in China is distributed in the area with annual rainfall of 1100~1600 mm. When the rainfall is above 1250 mm, it is most suitable for growth and development when there is a certain rainfall in flowering and young fruit period. Coffea arabica has certain drought resistance.

IV. Requirements for light

Coffee is a short-day plant, not resistant to strong light, need appropriate concealment, concealment requirements vary with different stages of growth and development and varieties. At the same time, there are 3 to 4 hours of direct light every day, which has a good effect on the growth and fruiting of coffee. Arabica coffee is more resistant to light than medium-sized coffee, so coffee hiding problems should be adapted to local conditions.

V. Requirements for wind

Coffee likes calm wind environment, typhoon and dry wind are unfavorable to coffee growth and development. Wind above 10 will blow down plants, dry hot wind will affect flowering and fruiting. Yunnan hot zone wind is small, the average wind speed is generally below 1.5 m/s, suitable for coffee habit requirements. In some areas, there are several gusts of strong wind between April and May at the turn of drought and rainy season, which has little effect on coffee.

VI. Requirements for soil

Coffee is a shallow root crop, requiring loose, fertile, soil layer of more than 60cm, good drainage soil. pH 6 - 6.5. The soil fertility of Yunnan planting area is medium, coffee grows well on lateritic red soil with pH 6~7 and reddish brown soil in dry and hot valley.